October 16, 2024

Understanding Electric Vehicle Amperage and EV Charger Amperage

10 Min. Read

Are you considering purchasing an electric vehicle (EV) or are you already an EV owner looking to maximize your EV experience and get the most out of your vehicle?

While you may be used to driving an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle, driving an EV will mean navigating unfamiliar terminology and specifications such as voltage, amperage, or battery capacity. This can be challenging, however, understanding these details is essential for maximizing your vehicle’s performance and taking full advantage of all that your EV can do.

In this article, we’ll take a closer look at vehicle and charger amperage to explore and understand your EV’s charging process, plus how to match your EV charger’s capabilities to your EV for optimal efficiency. We’ll also discuss the differences between Level 2 and DC Fast charging, also known as DCFC or Level 3 EV charging, to ensure you can make the most informed and practical charging decisions when it comes to driving electric.

Understanding EV Amperage Capability

Amperage refers to the flow rate, or volume, of an electrical current. In the context of your EV, your vehicle’s amperage represents the maximum amount of the AC current capable of passing through the onboard charger to your battery.

Amperage ratings for electric vehicles have historically ranged anywhere from 16 to 80 amps, but most recent models can accept between 40 to 50 amps. Amperage is an important consideration when choosing an EV since it directly impacts the amount of power your EV can accept, and thus, also has a direct impact on charging times and the power of the charger you can use.

The higher the amperage rating, the faster you can potentially charge your EV, provided that the charger can match the EV’s capacity.

If you currently own an EV, familiarizing yourself with your vehicle’s amperage rating will help you better understand the charging capacities of your car and help ensure you are selecting an optimal charging solution.

You can easily find your vehicle’s amperage in either your owner’s manual or by simply looking up your EV’s make and model on the manufacturer’s website.

What Does EV Charger Amperage Mean?

Now that you are familiar with electric vehicle amperage, it’s important to understand EV charger amperage as well. This refers to the maximum flow of current the charger can draw from the grid and supply to your EV. It’s important to understand your charger’s amperage capabilities, as they can vary significantly depending on the charging level.

Level 1 EV Charging

Level 1 charging, which uses a standard 120V outlet, typically provides a flow rate of 12 to 16 amps.

While this is sufficient for charging a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) in approximately 5-6 hours or topping off an EV battery, it results in slow charging times of over 40 to 50 hours for battery electric vehicles (BEVs), which have a larger battery capacity and solely rely on electricity to operate, to fully charge.

Level 2 EV Charging

Level 2 charging ranges from 15 to 80 amps, with hardwired chargers typically delivering a higher flow rate than portable models. A Level 2 charger will typically take about five hours to fully charge your EV but can take up to ten hours depending on the capacity of the charger and the size of the EV battery.

You should also note that amperage not only affects charging speed but can also impact the cost and installation requirements of the EV charging equipment.

To ensure the long-term safety and efficiency of an EV charging station, a qualified electrician must install a circuit breaker with a capacity 25% higher than the charger’s amperage. So, for example, if you are looking to install an 80-amp EV charging station in your home, your electrical panel would need the capacity both in electrical load and physical space, to add a 100-amp breaker to support the EV charging station.

Level 3 EV Charging

Lastly, DC Fast charging stations, or Level 3 EV chargers, deliver the highest amperage as well as the fastest charging times—often fully recharging an EV in about an hour.

These commercial-grade chargers, which are not available for residential use and generally cannot be used by PHEVs, can deliver anywhere from 100 to 500 amps, depending on the make and model of the vehicle.

This is the most expensive form of EV charging and is best for when you are driving longer distances, such as a road trip.

One key difference between DCFC and Level 1 and Level 2 EV charging is that DC Fast Charging stations already provide electricity as a DC current instead of an AC current. This is more efficient as the EV will not need to convert the electricity to a DC current to store within the onboard battery.

Matching Your Charger to Your EV

So what happens if your EV charging station and EV have different amperage capacities?

You might wonder if this means you are only able to charge your EV with a charger that has the same amperage and fortunately, this is not the case.

Even if the amperage of your EV charging station and EV are different, your EV will still charge, but you may run into some limitations.

If Your EV’s Amperage Is Higher…

If your EV has a higher amperage rating than the charger you’re using, the charger capacity will limit the flow rate of the current that can reach your EV.

This type of charging mismatch results in a charging speed that is slower than your EV’s capabilities, which can be inconvenient and doesn’t help you get the most out of your EV.

Keep in mind your daily driving needs and mileage will impact the actual amperage needed as well.

If you’re driving significantly less than your vehicle’s range each day or only use your vehicle occasionally, you may not need a charger with the maximum output that your vehicle can accept and it may be more affordable to install a home charger with a lower amperage than your vehicle’s maximum capacity.

If Your EV Charger Amperage Is Higher…

Even if you plug your EV into a charger with a higher amperage, your EV’s onboard charger won’t draw current with a flow rate that is higher than the vehicle’s capacity.

Thanks to your EV and EV charger’s ability to communicate and adjust the current flow rate, there is no risk of damaging your EV when using a high-amperage charger. However, you should know that even though they are rare, malfunctions can happen—especially if any charging components are damaged.

The main issue with using an EV charger with an amperage rating much higher than your vehicle is that you could be overpaying for charging. If you’re considering upgrading your home with a Level 2 EV charger, investing in a high-capacity model could cost more than you would otherwise need to spend, especially if your vehicle isn’t able to utilize the charger’s full power output.

If you’re charging your EV at a public EV charging station, spending more for DC Fast charging might not necessarily be the best option if your vehicle won’t charge faster than its top amperage capacity. Additionally, some public charging locations will offer charging stations with different amperage outputs and you may be able to use a lower output charging station with no impact to the speed of recharging your EV—ensuring the higher-powered EV charging stations are available for other drivers whose vehicles have a higher amperage capacity.

Alternatively, if you have an EV with a relatively low amperage, a public Level 2 EV charging station may also be fully adequate in helping you achieve the fastest possible charging speed and DCFC may be unnecessary, as is the case with most PHEVs and some older BEV models.

Do You Really Need An 80 Amp Charger?

To further put this into perspective using the example above of an 80 amp charger requiring a 100 amp breaker, it is often more expensive to install a high-powered Level 2 EV charging station at home. If your EV is only able to accept a maximum capacity of 48 amps of AC current, installing an 80 amp at-home EV charger is unnecessary and you would be better served by installing a 48 amp charger that only requires 60 amps of breaker capacity.

However, if you are looking at future-proofing your charger in anticipation of any future EVs, you may still want to install a more powerful EV charger, but remember that it will not mean a faster charger for your current vehicle.

Future Proofing vs. Immediate Needs

While opting for a Level 2 EV charging station with a significantly higher amperage may have you overpaying, there is something to be said for investing in an at-home charger with an amperage that exceeds your EV’s charging capacity.

With each generation, EVs are being designed with better performance and higher amperage ratings. Additionally, manufacturers are increasingly offering powerful electric trucks and SUVs with high-capacity batteries, making a future-proof charger a smart long-term investment.

When choosing a Level 2 at-home EV charging station, you should consider your future needs and next EV purchase. While your EV charger should match your current EV’s charging capacity, it may make the most sense for you to invest in a charger that can deliver a slightly higher amperage to anticipate a future upgrade to a more powerful EV—especially if you plan to live in your current home for many years.

Because chargers that support a higher flow rate can often require upgrades to your existing electrical infrastructure, whether for a panel upgrade or load-calculation device, a one-time investment can be more cost-effective than paying for future upgrades after the initial installation.

Practical Advice

Here are a few things to keep in mind when choosing an EV charging option:

• Opt for a charging station with an amperage rating that is equal to or slightly higher than your current EV’s amperage capacity. This will allow you to take full advantage of your EV’s charging capacity and optimize your charging speed.
• How soon will you upgrade your EV? Think about your future charging needs and consider investing in a hardwired Level 2 EV charging station with a higher EV charger amperage that can accommodate a more powerful EV in the future.
• If you use public charging, familiarize yourself with your EV’s amperage rating. There is no need to pay for DC Fast Charging if your EV’s top flow rate matches what public Level 2 chargers can deliver. Additionally, there may be lower-rated DCFC stations in the same lot that can still fully accommodate your vehicle’s charging capacity without any impact on the time it takes you to charge.

When researching amperage ratings for your EV or EV charging products, it’s essential to rely on reputable sources. The manufacturer’s website is the best place to start for accurate, up-to-date information.

A certified and trusted EV charger installer can answer all your questions about amperage, review your realistic charging needs, and recommend a charger with an amperage rating that aligns with your vehicle and daily driving habits.

Find the Right EV Charger With Qmerit

Amperage is an important aspect to consider when finding the best charging solution for you and your EV. Ideally, your EV charger amperage should be equal to or slightly higher than your electric vehicle’s amperage rating so you can optimize your charging speed and opt for a cost-effective charging solution.

When it comes to installing an EV charging station at home, deciding which EV charging station you’re going to install can be a big decision, but finding a qualified EV charger installer shouldn’t be one and the best way to choose the right charging product is to get help from a qualified installer.

Qmerit can help. As North America’s most trusted EV charger installation partner recommended by automakers, EV charger manufacturers, utilities, businesses, and homeowners alike, Qmerit’s network of licensed electricians has installed over 450,000 EV charging stations and can help you evaluate your needs to purchase and install an EV charging station that optimizes your EV experience.

Give us a call at (888) 272-0090 or complete our online EV assessment to learn more and find the perfect EV charger amperage for your needs.